Reduced nicotinamide mononucleotide is a new and potent NAD ⁺ precursor in mammalian cells and mice

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ) homeostasis is constantly compromised due to degradation by NAD+ -dependent enzymes. replenishment supplementation with the precursors nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and riboside (NR) can alleviate this imbalance. However, NMN NR are limited their mild effect on cellular pool need of high doses. Here, we report a synthesis method reduced form (NMNH), identify molecule as new precursor for first time. We show that NMNH increases levels much higher extent faster than or NR, it metabolized through different, NRK NAMPT-independent, pathway. also demonstrate reduces damage accelerates repair in renal tubular epithelial cells upon hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. Finally, find administration mice causes rapid sustained surge whole blood, which accompanied increased liver, kidney, muscle, brain, brown adipose tissue, heart, but not white tissue. Together, our data highlight therapeutic potential acute kidney injury, confirm existence novel pathway recycling establish member family precursors.